Should Marijuana Be Legalized Essay Example

Should Marijuana Be Legalized ? Essay The opinion of Marijuana during the 70’s was much more definitive than it is today. Approval of Marijuana by 27 states, new medical studies, and its consequences on those convicted from use of the most common illicit drug in the world, is forcing the United States of America to rethink its stance on the matter. In general, the underlying argument about Marijuana in this country is: should Marijuana continue to be prohibited to citizens based on its health effects, medicinal values, and costs to the country? The reasons why this argument is so important are great. As previously stated, Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world, and with millions of people using it regularly and almost 100 million that have ever used it in this country, the laws behind this drug hold great influence. It is because of this and the immergence of new evidence, that the justification behind prohibition of this drug is being rethought scientifically, socially, and economically. The use of Marijuana as both medicine and a recreational drug is being thoroughly questioned in the US. 7 states have Marijuana approved in some form, many of those for medical purposes however those users can still, and do get placed into prison by federal law. Currently, 830,00 people a year are in trouble with the law in regards to Marijuana and numbers seem to be on an uphill trend . Furthermore, the US invests 30 billion a year into the drug war, half of which is dedicated to Marijuana. Many are questioning its success all together. Both imprisonment and the war cost our country, and therefore our people, money. A change in laws is going to have a dramatic affect on America. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Marijuana Be Legalized ? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should Marijuana Be Legalized ? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should Marijuana Be Legalized ? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Marijuana comes from the Cannabis Sativa plant. Its discovery could have been as early as 2700 BC in China. Despite the Cannabis Sativa plant producing Marijuana it also produces hemp, which is a very useful cash crop that can produce several textile materials. Aside from hemp, Marijuana was used in America up until 1937, when it was banned by 47 states as a result of increased usage due to the 1920 amendment that outlawed alcohol. People no longer having access to alcohol went elsewhere for a recreational substance. What causes the â€Å"buzz† users feel from Marijuana is a result of its entry into the bloodstream, and the binding of THC from Marijuana with brain receptors that cause the feelings of drowsiness, increased appetite, giddiness, hallucinations, and other effects. In 1965 President Johnson passed the drug abuse control amendment targeting all illicit drugs, and then in 1969 President Nixon declared an all out war on drugs and crime, giving birth to what would become the drug war we see today. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medical Marijuana, setting off a significant trend through the country. Today Marijuana is classified as a schedule I drug alongside Heroin, Cocaine, and Morphine, (this classification has been unchanged since the 1960’s). It was classified as a schedule I drug despite the fact that it was recommended by the CSA (controlled substances act) task force to not place it in this class. While certain states in the US currently allow medical Marijuana use, the Federal Government claims that their law overrules state law and therefore users of the medical Marijuana can be prosecuted. Certain concepts need to be understood in order for the information presented to be interpreted properly. This argument covers legalization for medical and/or recreational use of Marijuana. This argument does not pertain to the legalization of all illegal drugs. This argument is not about Marijuana being healthy or good for anyone; however it is more focused towards its use in the medical field and its health effects in comparison to already legal substances. A few terms presented in the argument need to be understood. Marijuana is created when the leaves and female flowers of the hemp plant are dried, and it is commonly used but not limited to use in cigarette form. THC or Tetrahydrocannabinol is the primary intoxicant of marijuana. Aside from the technical, there are a few legal terms as well. When the term decriminalization is used, what is proposed is the elimination of criminal penalties for marijuana, meaning that in most cases possession (with certain restrictions) would be treated as a civil offense and maximum charges could be a fine of a few hundred dollars. Decriminalization insures no prison time or creation of a criminal record. Marijuana legalization is simply the complete government authorization of the substance. The Drug War is the resulting conflict between law enforcement and those who deal in illegal drugs. There are three major topical issues in the argument over marijuana legalization. First, does possess medical value? Second, is Marijuana harmful enough to remain illegal and how does it compare to other legal illicit substances? And lastly, what is Marijuana’s effect on our nation and how would legalization change this? Of the three issues related to the Marijuana legalization debate, Marijuana and its medical use might be the most widely discussed of them all. Opponents of Medical Marijuana bring up any significant arguments as to why it should not be condoned. The American Medical Association in 2001 stated that Marijuana should remain a schedule 1 drug, primarily basing their decision on the fact that they do not believe it has any medical value and that it has â€Å"no accepted medical use† and possesses a â€Å"high potential for abuse†. The FDA has a specifi c process in which the joint medical and scientific communities conduct certain procedures to determine whether drugs can be considered safe and effective as medicine, and Marijuana has not been approved by this process. The government also insists that Marijuana supporters are using the medical Marijuana â€Å"angle† as a ploy to get the whole drug legalized for recreational use, a valid point that definitely stirs up some question. Also, the countries that permit the drug to be used medicinally have not produced conclusive research on Marijuana’s applications in medicine. Opponents also justify Marijuana’s prohibition with the decision that if the FDA hasn’t approved it, it must be too dangerous to use. They also emphasize the fact that they believe that Marinol, a synthetic form of THC, can be used as an alternative to Marijuana and makes the whole plant unnecessary. After all, certain studies did show that smoking five joints of Marijuana a week may be equivalent to smoking a full pack of cigarettes daily, in terms of the amount of cancer causing chemical Marijuana contains. Opponents against Marijuana legalization for all purposes believe that it is harmful to the users and therefore should remain illegal. One of the most famous points made by prohibitionists is that Marijuana is a gateway drug and leads to harder drugs. They also argue that Marijuana contains up to 25% of THC today, compared to a miniscule 3% in the 1960s. This clearly indicates an increased potency in the intoxicating chemical. It has been scientifically proven that THC is stored in body fat, so some believe that it is possible that regular smokers could have enough stored in their system to be â€Å"sedated† at all times. There was a test conducted by a Dr. Robert Heath on monkeys that revealed THC in Marijuana caused that serious brain damage. Opponents also claim that long-term use has shown changes in the brain similar to those seen from other drugs. Alterations in nerve cells have indicated an affect towards the subject’s motivation, which could possibly explain one of the commonly used arguments against Marijuana. The risk of heart attack also quadruples during the first hour smoking, and blood pressure also rises. Prohibitionists contend that smokers become more susceptible to respiratory illnesses, increased phlegm production, chest illnesses, lung infections and cancer of the head and neck. These prohibitionists also state that Marijuana smoke has 50-70 percent more carcinogens than tobacco smoke, making it possibly more harmful than cigarettes. They also claim that smoking reduces the immune system’s ability to fight disease. Another very important aspect of their argument is that despite Marijuana not following the characteristics of a substance that causes true addiction, there still has been signs of addictive potential for users. These include irritability and sleeplessness among others. One of the most overlooked issues in the legalization debate is the influence of Marijuana prohibition to our economy. The opponents of legalization justify the costs of prohibition with the main point that our society would be negatively affected if legalized. Firstly, they feel that if legalized the danger of Marijuana will be misinterpreted by the public and would ultimately increase the potential for abuse. They are also convinced that we would see a crime rate increase on a nation-wide scale if Marijuana was no longer prohibited and was allowed to the public. Prohibitionists also insist that a drug market would still exist for miners, and that decriminalization would increase the usage of the drug. If it will be allowed medically, they believe it would also be accepted recreationally on false grounds. In regards to Marijuana and its medical value, proponents of legalization believe that Marijuana meets the FDA criteria as a substance in which the benefits outweigh its risk. This is considered to be a guiding principle when the FDA makes a decision towards approving a substance for medicinal use. Three different US government studies have shown that Marijuana may have medical value. The most recent of these was a one million dollar study by the Institute of Medicine. Many claim that Marinol, a synthetic form of THC, abolishes the need for Marijuana to be used as medicine, but it has been shown that it is just not as effective as smoking. Furthermore, there are other chemicals in Marijuana that help patients in ways that Marinol cannot. Another problem with Marinol is that takes quite a long time to begin working, costs more than Marijuana, and leaves the patient intoxicated for much too long of a time span (about 8-12 hours). Marinol is ingested in pill form, but many that use Marijuana to suppress nausea and vomiting find hat swallowing pills are counter-productive to this problem. This is due to the fact that the pills get vomited out because they simply take too long to work, entirely defeating the purpose of taking the medicine. On top of this, proponents also argue that the US is becoming increasingly alone in Marijuana persecution. Currently the Netherlands regulates Marijuana; and Belgium embraces it as medicine and is also considering leg alization for recreational use as well. New Zealand and Australia are also following the trend and are considering it for medical use. Proponents also argue the issue of whether Marijuana is in fact harmful, or more harmful than the already illegal illicit substances such as alcohol or tobacco, quite fervently. They state that there is not one documented record of anyone ever dying from Marijuana consumption, while the same cannot be said for alcohol and tobacco. They also argue that Marijuana should not be classified as a schedule I drug alongside heroin and cocaine etc. because it is simply much more mild and less harmful of a drug, even less harmful than alcohol and tobacco. Supporters also emphasize that Marijuana does not damage the brain as many have claimed, it simply increases the activity of the brain related to alpha waves, which is what causes the relaxed, meditative, and creative states that make up the â€Å"high† feeling. Advocates of legalization claim that it is simply untrue that Marijuana is more potent now than it was, enforcing the fact that poor storage in evidence rooms during the 70s caused a decline in potency results on tests and that Marijuana is the same now as it was in the 70s. Proponents also combat the claims that Marijuana impairs memory by stating that the impairment only occurs while intoxicated, and that the studies related to this were misleading people into believing that damage was permanent when in fact it was temporary. Supporters admit that Marijuana contains 1,000 chemicals but negate those claims with the example that coffee contains 800 chemicals that scientists consider to be volatile and only 21 of the 800 have been tested on animals. Proponents also justify Marijuana’s harmlessness with the fact that it takes 40,000 times the amount needed for intoxication in order for someone to die from Marijuana, while it only takes 4-10 times the amount for one to consume a lethal dose of alcohol. There was also a commercial TV ad from the Partnership for a Drug-Free America that aired in the late 90s that was a â€Å"flat out lie. † When researchers complained about the validity of the ad that demonstrated how Marijuana flattens brain waves it got pulled from the air. Advocates of Marijuana legalization also insist that most of the arguments held against marijuana are those in regards to respiratory harm (comparable to cigarette smoking), and that they can be abolished by the many alternative methods for Marijuana use which include vaporization, or the consumption of cannabis in certain foods, to name a few. Many recognize Marijuana prohibition as a large burden to our economy, and proponents of legalization state that this burden would be removed if Marijuana was legalized and regulated by the government. According to many, America is waging a very expensive and seemingly ineffective war on drugs that is costing our nation 30 billion a year. Half of this cost goes towards the prohibition of Marijuana, so if legalized, Marijuana supporters deduce that we would reduce the cost of the drug war by roughly 50 percent. Proponents of legalization also emphasize that based on those statistics we would be spared 15 billion a year, which could be used more constructively. The drug war causes 830,000 arrests a year for Marijuana related charges, which is costly and is considered to be an unjust punishment by many. Proponents and economists both purpose that our economy could benefit from legalization (regulation), and commonly use Holland as an example. Holland earns 67. 5 million a year from Marijuana, most of which is locally grown, also providing hemp products that pump revenue into their economy. If the Government regulated and taxed Marijuana, similar numbers could be seen. Currently through taxation alone, tobacco and alcohol bring in 11. 4 million annually to the government, and Marijuana would be believed to show similar return. Proponents also argue that Marijuana prohibition is a burden not only to our economy, but also to our society, and that regulation of the substance could fix all of this. The arrests of 830,000 people a year ruin the lives for many, stamping them with criminal records that they forever carry with them. Because Marijuana contributes to half of the drug war, if legalized half the drug dealers would be out of work and as result our society can expect to see a 50% reduction in crime related to the drug war. Proponents insist that regulated substances would actually cause a decrease in use, as can be ascertained by the fact that only 4% of Holland’s population uses Marijuana, where 7% of our population is comprised of users. Not only does Holland have fewer users than America, but since Marijuana has been legalized, the usage of hard drugs have actually decreased amongst the people of the Dutch nation. And finally, studies are showing that treatment is shown to be seven times more cost effective than criminal interjection for drug matters. It is these crucial points that drive the arguments of proponents. To summarize this entire debate the underlying views of both the proponents and opponents of these three issues involving the legalization of Marijuana must be restated. Opponents of the first issue, whether Marijuana has medical value or not, believe that it simply possesses no medical use and can be avoided with synthetic alternatives to the plant itself. They also believe that there is not enough research disproving their theory in order for them to reconsider its prohibition for medical use. Proponents, on the other hand, believe that there is conclusive research made by several studies proving that Marijuana can help the ill. They also believe that it meets the criteria necessary for it to be labeled as a â€Å"medicine. † Is Marijuana harmful enough to remain legal and how does it compare to the two recreational substances alcohol and tobacco? This is the second major issue, or question that needs to be answered. Opponents believe that Marijuana possesses enough threat to humans that it should remain illegal, while the supporters of legalization combat those claims with the presentation of more modern research and new discoveries that jeopardize its current status as a harmful, illegal drug. The third issue in this debate is, how would Marijuana legalization affect our nation? Opponents believed that society would be affected negatively and see increased crime rate, and drug use among other things. Proponents believed the opposite of this, using statistics and testimony to predict the positive outcome of legalization. Based on extensive researching and intense analysis of both sides of the argument, I believe without a doubt that there is no reason to keep imprisoning those who use Marijuana in our country. The fact is, that prohibitionists have an outdated ideology toward the matter, and what they believe is either based on false evidence from inferior scientific studies, or simply the result of nation-wide naivety that has rubbed off on them. As we progress and progress into the 21st century it is becoming clearer and clearer that Marijuana is just-as-if-not less harmful than alcohol and tobacco. The government funded studies and advertisements that reach the public eye is misleading and to blatant, more fictional than the comic strip on the back of the Daily Star. I cannot say why the government insists on driving this propaganda machine forward or turning the other cheek as more and more states by way of democracy decide to decriminalize Marijuana, but I can only speculate that it is because of a few key political figures that reap profits from the drug war and that half the DEA would have nothing to do. Science is proving Marijuana to be quite harmless, and if you ask anyone that has broken what is possibly the most ridiculous law of our time and has tried Marijuana, they would probably tell you that they agree. We need to leave be the people that would rather choose to sit down after work and smoke a joint than drink a bear. The drug war costs tens of billions, and is an absolutely cataclysmic failure. If legalized, our indebted economy would be spared millions, innocents would no longer be unjustly imprisoned, our crime would be reduced, and Marijuana would no longer be able to be obtained by innocent adolescents, instead by adults who have the right to choose for themselves whether they should use this nature-grown plant or not. Marijuana should be legalized for all purposes and anyone that semi-educated or possesses half a brain would probably agree with me. At the very least we need the poor, innocent patients, (most of which whom are elderly and terminally ill), to be able to take the medicine that provides them any amount of relief from both the physiological and psychological pain that they bear, without having to worry about the risk of possibly being arrested or imprisoned alongside murderers, rapists, and lunatics. These prohibitionist laws need to be changed before more people suffer from the consequences of this insanity.

Purdue GPA Calculator Essays

Purdue GPA Calculator Essays Purdue GPA Calculator Paper Purdue GPA Calculator Paper Purdue GPA calculator helps the potential students evaluate the proximity of getting the chance to study at the University. It is a handy instrument for all students being in the pursuit of the place of studying. The Purdue University is one of the most popular and well-developed research universities of the USA. This institution leads the field of the aviation industry and space technology, and students are engaged in flight training. The studying programs in the field of mechanical engineering, business, and agriculture are recognized as the best in the country and the world. Every year in the Purdue University, more than 2 thousand scientific projects are launched. The investigations are conducted at the modern research centers of the higher education institution. You can get a comprehensive academic education here. The Purdue University cooperates with the national aviation companies. A student studying here receives a chance to take part in student exchange programs and win gran ts to conduct various investigation projects. If you have decided to become a student of this institution, you need to use a Purdue University GPA calculator and single out what are your chances to get a place here. Purdue University GPA calculator GPA calculator Purdue can be used to determine the â€Å"what if† GPA combination. It is a way to discover whether a student will have difficulties with the entering to the chosen university. The result allows estimating the current situation and predicting the future. If the student sees that is â€Å"what if† points are good enough and let him get the place in the institution he wants, he can relax and prepare for entering a campaign. In another case, he needs to make an effort and try to change the marks for the better. It is necessary to have almost A’s and a few B’s to be patient that there will be a high guarantee that there will not be any troubles. There are several ways to raise the GPA. To discover some points gained for a specific course using this particular app. Bear in mind the fact that it is not an official result. It is just a prognosis allowing building plans and finding the University, where you will get the degree. Use the Purdue Kranne rt GPA calculator to determine your chances! Purdue University GPA Calculator Purdue University GPA Calculator works as a well-designed mechanism helping potential students to discover their possible results. If you have grand plans for your future education and career and want to become a student of Purdue University, you can use a Purdue cumulative GPA calculator to count the â€Å"what if† points. You have to insert the name, of course, credit hours and predicted grades. The program will make all the calculations quickly and present you a result. The GPA, which you receive, is not a final and official marker. It is just a prognosis. If you still have time, to improve your marks – dedicate all your efforts to it. To discover the approximate GPA that will allow you to get the place at the university, you can consult the last year’s rating. It will let you see the full picture. Do not lose the opportunity to discover the GPA as it may help you to enter the prestigious higher educational institution, get proper education and built the grea t career!

10 Mental Disorders You Can Get in College

10 Mental Disorders You Can Get in College If you’re not careful college will drive you nuts! Campus is a wild ravenous battlefield where futures are decided, lifelong friendships are fumbled and students make a lot of really stupid decisions. In this post we’re going to skinny-dip in the raw truth. Let’s check out 10 mental disorders you could easily develop before you walk the proverbial plank (graduate). 1) Depression Depression is one of the most common psychological issues in America today. According to the experts, almost every single student you see walking around on your first day as a freshmen is suffering from it to some degree. If you’re not careful it’ll rub off on you before the end of first semester English. The good news is that there are a few options which can easily cure this. Don’t major in anything that starts with P or S. Don’t make college an ego trip. Don’t shower in your bare feet. Don’t sleep around. 2) Social Anxiety Social pressure coming from every angle. Get good grades. Be awesome. Be reckless! Get laid. Get invited to parties. Be a college rock star†¦it’s unsustainable. You can’t be cosmically cool for long. And, for those that have no hope of being in the lime light (at least not yet), social anxiety can be a real bummer. Only compete with yourself. Your college experience is yours, not theirs. Take a breath, relax and sip your beer please. Unless you plan on being a professor, college is temporary. 3) Agoraphobia There’s freaking people everywhere all the time. The dorm’s as packed as the lectures, gyms, chow halls and bathrooms. College is seeping with humans! After a while it can wear on you. The world starts getting too crowded and begins to close in around you. Once you can no longer take a step outside without wearing a hoodie, you’ve got agoraphobia. Workout super early in the morning. Live off campus. Take night classes. Major in geography or astronomy. 4) Porn Addiction Oops, sorry. Our mistake. Everyone knows that college students don’t have time to watch porn. We’re too busy engaging in full stadium-sized orgies in the afternoons. 5) Insomnia Right, so who has the time to sleep? Honestly, could the tech-department nerds please hurry up and allow us to become bionic quasi-mechanical humanoids that no longer need to? College is 50% more expensive. Student needs to get it done in half the time with 100% better GPAs. There’s parties to attend. Games to riot after†¦ Don’t major in computer science. If you’re worried about grades, remember sleep is as important as studying. Ideally 8 hours before tests, but power napping has its merits. Lose the energy drinks. Remember to flex other muscles besides your brain. 6) Hook-up Syndrome Once you get sucked into the hook-up culture where a text conversation is courting and monogamy is unheard of, it’s hard to escape it. It’s super-hard to fall in love in college these days, both for men and women. Don’t sleep around. Don’t make sex a priority. Don’t substitute technology for traditional courtship. Don’t make the mistake of imagining porn is anything like real life. 7) Personality Disorder Because of how much people change throughout college, it’s easy to lose sight of your core self. That thing you were before the world started to mold your personality. That consciousness who peered out through newborn eyes and began taking in information. That’s who you are. Remember that. Avoid defining yourself based on trendy/popular nonsense. Don’t resist personal evolution, roll with it. Remember that everything you do and say is branding you. The key to peace of mind is self-acceptance. 8) Eating Problems Bulimia, overeating and anorexia are increasingly common in college. Guys think they need to look like Hugh Jackman in the latest Wolverine and the girls are trying to look like some Pop Princess. The entertainment industry has taken things a bit too far. Don’t feed into this nonsense. Don’t become reliant on cafeteria food. Don’t settle for cheap carbs that have almost no nutrition. Organic fruits and veggies are as important to your grades as sleep or studying. Don’t kill yourself to please a bunch of superficial idiots. 9) Chronic Substance Abuse No way! There’s no such thing as substance abuse in college! Seriously though, college isn’t the place to become an alcoholic. That’s for later†¦ Take it easy, college is 4-6 years long for most people so there’s no reason to go absolutely insane freshmen or sophomore year. Use your grades as an addiction barometer. If they don’t go down or slip, no foul. If they do, you need to ease off a bit and prioritize. Exercise is just as satisfying from the neurochemical perspective as getting high. Drugs and alcohol are simply too expensive! 10) Wait†¦Math? If math isn’t your thing don’t fight it. Just take advantage of tutors and get as far as you need to go early on so it’s done and over with. So, how about it all you mentally ill college students out there, what are you dealing with and how are you coping. Share your story and let us know how you stay somewhat sane.

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example This is manifested due to lack of funds and management will to implement these strategies (Sippola & Smale, 2007). The first process in designing a global cross-cultural policy for Lenovo Company is to learn the different laws, cultures, and policies of different local environments (Magala, 2005). Although the increasing diversity among employees makes it difficult, it is essential to learn them to ensure the creation of a design that caters to all cultures (Mor Barak, 2005). Secondly, it would be excellent to include employees in the creation of this policy to ensure there is no resistance (Summers, 2006). Finally, the management should consider taking advantage of the diverse cultures to enhance overall performance (Law, 2007). In designing a cross-cultural policy using the above facts, the management will be able to design a policy that accommodates the increasing diversity of employees (Fontaine, 2007). In order for Lenovo to attract employees from other cultures, they should consider performing corporate social responsibility in other societies apart from the Chinese society (Bhattacharya, Sen & Korschun, 2008). Secondly, they should campaign for quality improvement in their products in both the society and the company (Morgan, Pritchard, Pride & Morgan, 2011). In this case, the international human resources department should formulate measures that enhance all these strategies among the employees.

Success is Better Measured by One's Financial Attainment Essay

Success is Better Measured by One's Financial Attainment - Essay Example A smaller number of working professionals also struggle to attend graduate school and take postgraduate courses. However, because of several social economic and demographic reasons, not everyone can be in the profession of their choice. Thus, only a few can manage or afford to choose, and they inevitably pick such and like careers. Success can only be effectively evaluated by a person’s financial attainment. The one thing that most of the high-end jobs have in common is that the paychecks are much larger than what the people in lower jobs, like teachers, nurses, firefighters and police officers make. From this, we can conclude that the majority choose the jobs, not because of how fulfilling they are but how much money they earn. Bearing in mind that the society is aware of the distinction, it is evident that most of these professions are the ones who live in the best houses, drive nice cars and take their children to the high cost private schools. Society, in general, has the propensity to admire and praise those who seem to achieve notwithstanding how they got the success. Therefore, the financial attainment of an individual is a better and more suitable measurement for success than the education level. Take Bill Gates, for instance: he dropped out of Harvard without his degree and left school because he had problems with the administration for doing business in the dorm room (Times magazine, 2007). As such, his level of education at the time he was starting Microsoft, the company that made him one of the world’s wealthiest and most influential men, were the same as those of any college drop outs. However, he is not known or revered for his academic credentials of lack of them for that matter. He is known for his phenomenal wealth, and whether he made it with or without a college degree is beside the point since he is easily one of the most successful men in the world. While it may have to do with his contribution to technology, it is worth notin g that he did not achieve the feat alone yet many of his co-founders who are not as wealthy are hardly known as popular as him. Similarly, several of the greatest financial successes of the current times, including Paul Ellen, co-founder of Microsoft, the late Steve Jobs and Richard Branson, never finished schools, and they became some of the worlds fanatical giants (Carney 2009). While their success is undeniable, measuring it based on academic attainment would be impractical. Success is best measured by financial achievement since the people who have the most influence in the world are not the most educated, but the ones who wealthy financially. In order to enhance this, assume one is a professor with 10 degrees and someone else is a billionaire and a school dropout. One is limited to what he/she can achieve alone, since, without the money, one cannot reach very many people with your education. However, the dropout with money can use it to pay people with more education, hence, he is more successful in that endeavor. If success represents the achievements of a person’s set objectives, let us hypothetically visit students in class and inquire them, â€Å"What is your intention for being in class?† - â€Å"To get a degree†. If yes, does it mean that when they get the degree they have achieved their intention? We do not stop there, we ask further: â€Å"What do you intend to do with your degree?† - â€Å"To get a well paying job, so I can start a family†

Internal and External Constraints Facing Venetian Ices Ltd Essay Example for Free

Internal and External Constraints Facing Venetian Ices Ltd Essay Constraints are laws, which the company must abide by. There are two different types of constraints; these are internal and external constraints. Internal constraints are those that the company controls their selves such as: * Availability of finance * Existing company policy * Peoples behaviour External constraints are decisions that are made outside the companys control such as: * Government and EC legislation * Competitors behaviour * Lack of technology * The economic environment The internal constraints facing Venetian ices include: 1.Equipment Venetian Ices need equipment in order to produce their goods and also keep the ice cream frozen. So obviously they will need equipment such as freezers (to store the ice cream), new ice cream making machines in order to produce the ice cream for the customers. They will also need a mobile van, so that customers could get ice cream in different areas. Another equipment that Venetian Ices could have is packaging, this will be for customers who would want to buy a whole tub of ice cream from them. There are some problems, which may occur when replacement or extra equipment is needed. Venetian ices could in fact find themselves in a position where they are unable to afford the equipment that they would want available to them. In the case of additional equipment there may not be enough room on the sight of enough employees to operate all the machinery. 2. Financing the development of a Franchisee operation Venetian Ices must provide finance to their franchisees in order to get them started and set up in the business world. Venetian Ices can get their finance from a number of places and ways. The first is retained profit, but that can possible prove difficult for them, as small companies such as themselves only tend to make a small profit. They can also get their finance from selling as much ice cream as they possibly can. Venetian ices would have to buy all the equipment and premised that they would require when they are setting up a business up and also paying all of the workers in their franchisee. This means that when a new franchisee joins at first Venetian Ices have to spend a lot of capital and get little back in return. 3. Staffing for Increased Production Output By increasing the number of staff it would increase the output of the company, but this will mean having to pay out more money in order to pay their new employees. Also they may have a problem with the size of the premises. There could be a problem with the amount of people allowed to work in the building, if there isnt enough room for everyone they would have to employ less people then they would like. Some External constraints that may affect Venetian Ices include: 1.Raising finance How much finance Venetian Ices can raise depends a lot on the public who purchase ice cream from them and also investors who decide to invest money in the company. This could cause a problem though because in winter ice cream is less popular and a whole lot less people would come and purchase ice cream during the cold period. This could therefore mean investors will not want to invest in an ice cream company, which for part of the reason will not raise much finance. 2. Planning Permission If Venetian Ices decided they wanted to expand their premises or decide to build new premises for their company, they would require planning permission from the local council or the government. If Venetian Ices did decide to go ahead with an extension or the building of a new building without a contract from the authorities then they could be taken to court and forced to abandon work on their new premises completely. 3. Franchising Venetian Ices do not have complete control over its franchisees, as the franchiser does not always check them on. This can mean that franchisees may run the business against the company policy and use different and methods. For example if the franchisee trains the staff in how to recruit then the staff must do exactly as they are told to, if they recruit people in a different way or people who Venetian Ices dont want. This could lead to the company having a bad reputation. 4. Law Venetian Ices must follow and work by all the laws. There has being laws set about methods of employment, training, European regulations and also food which would defiantly apply to Venetian Ices. These laws can be checked often by government inspectors. 5. Tourism Tourism is a big market for Venetian Ices as they make up a large percentage of customers in some areas where there are mobile and ice cream parlours. Tourist also often purchases goods on impulse. However, Venetian Ices cannot insure that the number of tourists in a certain area will remain the same all the time. 6. Foot and Mouth Disease Another outbreak of foot and mouth can cause serious problems for Venetian Ices. Foot and Mouth affect cows, which Venetian ices, depends on for its main ingredient, which is milk. Another foot and mouth epidemic breaking out would make it hard obtaining the milk and also getting it transported as certain areas of the countryside would be shut off, therefore making transportation hard. Foot and mouth can also cause tourism to drop in certain areas and possibly even close. This would lead Venetian Ices in an awful position in them areas affected by foot and mouth. There could possibly be people who would want to stay away from the ice cream due to foot and mouth.

Chaucers Retraction in The Canterbury Tales Essay -- Canterbury Tales

Chaucer's Retraction in The Canterbury Tales Chaucer's ability to characterize people from all walks of life in explicit detail, as is so wonderfully displayed in The Canterbury Tales, is just one factor that allowed him to be known as one of history's finest literary artists. At the end of a career that would be considered by most artists as an extremely successful one, what could have caused Chaucer to apologize for any of the works which defined literary success? In "Chaucer's Retraction," which appears at the end of The Canterbury Tales (Norton 311), Chaucer not only apologizes for several of his secular works, he also goes so far as to revoke them, and ask for forgiveness for such works which "tended toward sin" (313), as he puts it. Such an extreme action seems to be somewhat irrational. Some believe that Chaucer, nearing the end of his earthly life, was preparing himself for God's judgment in the afterlife. If, by means of his writings, he was guilty of some grave sin, which would keep him from the eternal bliss of heave n, such a retraction might be considered justifiable. Furthermore, the concept of being tormented in the depths of hell for all eternity could easily persuade any person, especially on his deathbed, to renounce all past actions, good or bad. Maybe it is better to be safe than to be sorry, forever. While it is impossible to truly discern Chaucer's reasoning, assuming him to be the actual author of this passage, a closer examination of the "offending" text, as well as a look at some of the social and religious influences of the time period, might give us a clue as to why such a gifted poet would take this position. The dominant theme of the pilgrimage in The Canterbury Tales illustrates one obvious religious... ...xed with molten lead, brass and other kinds of metal; immense worms with poisonous teeth gnawed at some; others were fastened on by one on stakes with fiery thorns. The torturers tore them with their nails, flogged them with dreadful scourges, and lacerated them in dreadful agonies [The Monk of Evesham's Vision, 1197] (qtd. in Speed 4). When facing the end of one's life, the notion of spending all eternity in such a place would surely make even the most avid non-believer think twice. A true believer in Christianity might very well think that it is much better to be safe, than to be sorry forever. Works Cited "Chaucer's Retraction." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Seventh Edition. Volume1. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: W.W.Norton and Company, Inc., 2000. Speed, Peter, ed. Those Who Prayed, An Anthology of Medieval Sources. New York: Italica Press, 1997.

Careers in Psychology; Opportunities in a Changing World Essay

It is usually very vital for one to consider the choice of their career path very carefully. One should consider his or her interests in the career, the job market as well as their education qualifications. It is equally important for one to carefully examine the merits and demerits that come with each career option. This is the sole reason why career talks have become part of the school curriculum in many countries in the world. This paper will analyze three case studies of individuals who are about to complete their Bachelor’s Degrees in Psychology, after which it will critically analyze the options the three cases have laid on the table by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Denise is considering a couple of options; Master of Arts/ Master of Science in Clinical Psychology Master of Arts/ Master of Science in Counseling Psychology Master of Education in Counseling Psychology Master of Social Work Master of Science in Pastoral Counseling Master of Science in Counseling. Important to note is where the interests of Denise lie. She has an interest in reading research materials or findings related to children, however this interest is not that much. Denise is also not very interested in doing research work. Considering the fact that Denise has a passion in desire to counsel youth and children is not enough when deciding to choose the next degree program the best option for Denise would be a Master’s Degree in Pastoral Counseling. The merits of this program are that it is in all ways related to the interests of Denise. It would give Denise the best opportunity to counsel youth and children. The degree does not require a lot of research work, rather it r equires more of reading research work. This would by all means be the best for Denise. However, a Master’s Degree in Pastoral Counseling would be tricky if matters of spiritual faith are put in consideration. It is not clear where her faith lies. It would be unbeatably the best if her spiritual faith lies along the pastoral line, or if she had pursued a degree in theology. CITATION Tar12 l 1033 (Kuther, 2012)A Master’s Degree in Clinical Psychology would be advantageous in the sense that it has a wide job market and it is in line with the passion of Denise. However, this degree would not be the best for Denise since it requires a lot of research, which Denise is not very good at. Another disadvantage of this is that it would not limit her exactly to youth and children the way she would like it, older people have psychological problems as well. A Master of Science in Counseling Psychology would also not be advisable for Denise. This degree, just like the one in Clinical Psychology would require a lot of research work. Denise does not like research work and it would be very difficult for her to excel in this program. However, it could be really advantageous in the sense that it requires reading research materials and this is one major stronghold for Denise. A Master Degree in Clinical Psychology would have the same limitations as a Master Degree in Counseling Psychology. However, she loves reading research materials on youth and children. This would favor her in the case that she chose this career path. This leaves the best option for Denise as a Master Degree in Pastoral Psychology. CITATION Rob07 l 1033 (Sternberg, 2007)It would be very difficult for Raul to change what he wanted to do all his life to something else. However, the policy when choosing career paths is always no mistakes. This is when the purpose of internship comes out very clearly. All his life, Raul has been interested in counseling psychology or clinical psychology. He should be very careful when making a choice for the nest career step. This is owing to the fact that for one to excel in a certain career path, he or she ought to have the desire and passion for it. Passion does not just grow within a day and Raul does not have much time to make a decision. However, the volunteer work that he did in the psychiatric clinic seems to have helped him a great deal. The interview that he had with counselors and psychologists seems to have opened his eyes to the real career world. It is very important for Raul to make a decision before it is late since he is about to graduate from school. The interests of Raul are very important is deciding his career path. The fact that he has a wife and children makes it very necessary for him to take a career path that would help him a great deal financially. The best option for Raul in his career path would be to pursue a Master’s Degree in Counseling Psychology. This is owing to the fact that he has interests in researc h which is very vital to the program. Moreover, counseling would give him a wider job market and would therefore sustain him financially. CITATION Don08 l 1033 (Super, 2008)Having been in the cooperate world is indeed a milestone for John in the career world. As much as he was laid off, he is way ahead of a number of individuals. His experience in the cooperate world must have equipped him with a number of skills that will help him a great deal I n future. This is considering the fact that he would love to integrate his career path of psychology with business. For instance, one of the options that John is laying on the table is Industrial Organizational Psychology. I could not agree more with John on this one. Industrial Psychology would indeed be a very good way for John to combine what he learnt in the cooperate world together with Psychology. However, John should always keep in mind that this is a competitive world. The field of Industrial Psychology is just one of the fields tha t experience a lot of competition when it comes to pursuing a graduate program in the field. However, the best advice for John would be to first of all take a professional course that is related to business or rather the cooperate world. Such courses include Business Management, Business Administration, Marketing or even Certified Public Accounting (CPA). In this way, he would be able to prove his skills in the cooperate world, not just by word of mouth or experience but by Certified Professional Courses. This, together with a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology would raise his bar much higher. Having done any of these professional courses, John would not only be fit to pursue Industrial or Organizational Psychology but he would also be able to compete with other individuals. CITATION Tho05 l 1033 (Wadsworth, 2005) References l 1033 Helms, J. L. (2011). Majoring in Psychology. New York : New York University Press. Kuther, T. (2012). Careers in Psychology; Opprtumities in a Changing World. New York: New York University Press. Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Career Paths in Psychology. Oxford University Press. Super, D. (2008). Opportunities in Psychology Careers. Oxford University Press. Wadsworth, T. (2005). Your Career in Psychology; Industrial /Organizational Psychology. New York: New York University Press. Source document

Roman Civil War: Compare 69 Ce and 193 Ce

Civil War: compare 69 CE and 193 CE. Consider the issues of imperial Succession, the roles of the senate, military importance, and the ultimate settlement. How were they the same and different. The Year of the Four Emperors was a year in the history of the Roman Empire, AD 69, in which four emperors ruled in a remarkable succession. These four emperors were Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. The suicide of emperor Nero, in 68, was followed by a brief period of civil war, the first Roman civil war since Mark Antony's death in 30 BC. Between June of 68 and December of 69, Rome witnessed the successive rise and fall of Galba, Otho and Vitellius until the final accession of Vespasian, first ruler of the Flavian Dynasty. This period of civil war has become emblematic of the cyclic political disturbances in the history of the Roman Empire. The military and political anarchy created by this civil war had serious repercussions, such as the outbreak of the Batavian rebellion. (The Jewish Revolt was already ongoing. )Vespasian did not meet any direct threat to his imperial power after the death of Vitellius. He became the founder of the stable Flavian dynasty that succeeded the Julio-Claudians and died of natural causes as emperor in 79. The Year of the Five Emperors refers to the year 193 AD, in which there were five claimants for the title of Roman Emperor. The five were Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus and Septimius Severus. The year 193 opened with the murder of Commodus on New Year's Eve, 31 December 192 and the proclamation of the City Prefect Pertinax as Emperor on New Year's Day, 1 January 193. Pertinax was assassinated by the Praetorian Guard on 28 March 193. Later that day, Didius Julianus outmaneuvered Titus Flavius Sulpicianus (Pertinax's father-in-law and also the new City Prefect) for the title of Emperor. Flavius Sulpicianus offered to pay each soldier 20,000 sestertii to buy their loyalty (eight times their annual salary; also the same amount offered by Marcus Aurelius to secure their favours in 161). Didius Julianus however offered 25,000 to each soldier to win the auction and was proclaimed Emperor by the Roman Senate on 28 March. However, three other prominent Romans challenged for the throne: Pescennius Niger in Syria, Clodius Albinus in Britain, and Septimius Severus in Pannonia. Septimius Severus marched on Rome to oust Didius Julianus and had him decapitated on 1 June 193, then dismissed the Praetorian Guard and executed the soldiers who had killed Pertinax. Consolidating his power, Septimius Severus battled Pescennius Niger at Cyzicus and Nicea in 193 and then decisively defeated him at Issus in 194. Clodius Albinus initially supported Septimius Severus believing that he would succeed him. When he realised that Severus had other intentions, Albinus had himself declared Emperor in 195 but was defeated by Septimius Severus at the Battle of Lugdunum on 19 February 197.

Free Essays on Teen Sex

Many parents are not doing their part in educating their children about safe sex because they are embarrassed or they just do not want to come to terms that their children are growing up. If the parents were doing their job then â€Å"more than half the teenagers in the United States† would not be having unprotected sexual activities. Having unprotected sexual activities has a lot of risk and many teenagers are not aware of these risks due to lack of availability to condoms. Therefore, condoms should be made available to high school students by means of vending machines or school nurses, because it will lower the risk of teenagers getting pregnant, a sexually transmitted disease, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A school in St. Paul opened a health clinic, which gives routine checkups and make condoms available along with education on how to use them. After doing so, the pregnancy rate dropped by â€Å"50 percent† (Bender). According to Brophy, â€Å"teen mothers cost the United States more than 34 billion dollars a year.† Siecus pointed out that in â€Å"September 1997† a study showed that making condoms available increased the use of condoms by teenagers that were already sexually active. If the United States can spend this much money on teen mothers then they have the money to better educate them. This will create an abundance of savings on tax money spent each year. A study showed that there are â€Å"more then 85,000† cases of AIDS reported among people between the ages of â€Å"25 to 29†. These people had to have contracted this disease in their teenage years because AIDS has about a â€Å"10 years† incubation period (Weiss). AIDS has been stereotyped as a gay disease. It is not a gay disease because both men and women get this disease. In Columbia County alone there has been â€Å"116 cases† of AIDS reported â€Å"since 1983† and â€Å"60 percent† of them were men. â€Å"32 new cases† has been reported â€Å"since 1997† a... Free Essays on Teen Sex Free Essays on Teen Sex Many parents are not doing their part in educating their children about safe sex because they are embarrassed or they just do not want to come to terms that their children are growing up. If the parents were doing their job then â€Å"more than half the teenagers in the United States† would not be having unprotected sexual activities. Having unprotected sexual activities has a lot of risk and many teenagers are not aware of these risks due to lack of availability to condoms. Therefore, condoms should be made available to high school students by means of vending machines or school nurses, because it will lower the risk of teenagers getting pregnant, a sexually transmitted disease, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A school in St. Paul opened a health clinic, which gives routine checkups and make condoms available along with education on how to use them. After doing so, the pregnancy rate dropped by â€Å"50 percent† (Bender). According to Brophy, â€Å"teen mothers cost the United States more than 34 billion dollars a year.† Siecus pointed out that in â€Å"September 1997† a study showed that making condoms available increased the use of condoms by teenagers that were already sexually active. If the United States can spend this much money on teen mothers then they have the money to better educate them. This will create an abundance of savings on tax money spent each year. A study showed that there are â€Å"more then 85,000† cases of AIDS reported among people between the ages of â€Å"25 to 29†. These people had to have contracted this disease in their teenage years because AIDS has about a â€Å"10 years† incubation period (Weiss). AIDS has been stereotyped as a gay disease. It is not a gay disease because both men and women get this disease. In Columbia County alone there has been â€Å"116 cases† of AIDS reported â€Å"since 1983† and â€Å"60 percent† of them were men. â€Å"32 new cases† has been reported â€Å"since 1997† a...

Attitude to Feminism in HoD

Attitude to Feminism in HoD In Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Marlow’s preconceived notion of the naà ¯ve and sheltered woman is revealed early in the novel: â€Å"It’s queer how out of touch with truth women are! They live in a world of their own and there had never been anything like it and never can be. It is too beautiful altogether, and if they were to set it up it would go to pieces before the first sunset.† (Conrad 10) However, it is because of the women’s purity and naivete that the female characters in the novel–Marlow’s aunt, knitters of black wool, the African mistress, and the Intended–possess a sense of mystery and wield power over the men. The women eventually lead the reader to the discovery of a new truth—not that of the stark reality of the Congo, but of the fact that men yield to women’s will as a way to discover and assert themselves. The women are powerful enough to present the men with a direction, a literal journey, and a sense of purpose. Though Marlow’s aunt and the wool knitters appear for only a short period, their presence precipitates and steers the course of the novel. Marlow’s aunt, who is presented as a disillusioned woman stubbornly adhering to the notion of â€Å"White Man’s Burden,† is the one who actually directs Marlow into his expedition of self-discovery and truth in the first place. This irony is compounded by the fact that it is Marlow’s aunt who comes to the rescue when his own efforts prove fruitless: â€Å"The men said ‘My dear fellow,’ and did nothing. Then–would you believe it?–I tried the women. I, Charlie Marlow, set the women to work–to get a job.† (6) This passage implies that, regardless of Marlow’s condescending views of women, he too realizes (though without admitting it outright) the female influence and his and other men’s powerlessness. It is his aunt’s belief in the fundamental goodness of humanity that gives her power over men; she justifies male imperialistic goals and becomes the object onto which these men project wealth, power, and status. The women in the Belgian company office knit black wool, symbolizing and foreshadowing a sealed fate, dark and tragic. Their power rests in their possession of this fate, and their presence is so domineering that later in the journey, Marlow yields to their unquestionable authority: â€Å"The knitting old woman with the cat obtruded herself upon my memory as a most improper person to be sitting at the other end of such an affair.† (59-60) If Marlow’s aunt is the usher into Darkness, then the knitters are the Darkness’ gatekeepers, and Conrad’s representation of fate as two women is no concidence. The connection between the aunt and the knitters, and eventually the other female characters, binds them in a sisterhood, and their roles only complement their own respective goals in maneuvering the men. The ending of the book is shaped by the African mistress and the Intended. In physical contrast to the ailing Kurtz, the two women are towers (literally, by the descriptions of their height and outstretched arms) of strength, devotion, and purity. Throughout the book, Kurtz is the â€Å"remarkable person† (16), the â€Å"exceptional man† (19), and a quasi-Christ-like figure, but, to Marlow, the Intended is a god: â€Å"bowing my head before the faith that was in her† (70) and â€Å"silencing me into an appalled dumbness† (69). While Kurtz holds truth, the Intended holds illusion, and Marlow’s ultimate lie proves the world of women overcomes the world of truth. It is women’s illusion that shelters men and gives them strength and purpose. This protection can be clearly seen with the Intended: her depiction of Kurtz is drastically different from the reader’s observations, and her distorted image of Kurtz creates his pristine legacy by cle ansing him of his corruption. Her â€Å"inextinguishable light of belief and love† (69) manages to extinguish the darkness of humanity, of the man’s world. Marlow’s asserts women are â€Å"out of it† (44), that they exist in their own ideal space, void of vision and possibility and unbeknownst to truth and reality. Yet Marlow’s journey into the Congo places him into a dreamlike state in which he similarly cannot discern truth from fantasy. The implications of a thick, dark jungle signify a world where â€Å"the reality fades† and â€Å"the inner truth is hidden† (30). Thus, though both the female and male worlds are dark, the female characters dominate because they have not fallen into the male abyss—due to their purity and pledge of responsibility and faith. Marlow’s hazy journey into the Congo and hazy views of the female gender are similar, and this similarity is made even more apparent when he encounters the African mistress, who actually embodies the wilderness itself: â€Å"And in the hush that had fallen suddenly upon the whole sorrowful land, the immense darkness, the colossal bo dy of the fecund and mysterious life seemed to look at her, pensive, and though it had been looking at the image of its own tenebrous and passionate soul.† (56) Ironically, he is strongly attracted to her powerful feminine force, the force of nature, of the female world, which he had once made an effort to avoid. With his travel down the Congo, he has been forced to immerse himself in the female realm, an image of the African mistress with receiving arms, which has similarly â€Å"caressed him [Kurtz]†¦taken him, loved, him, embraced him, got into his veins, consumed his flesh, and sealed his soul†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (44). Marlow’s confused view of women can be read in parallel with Conrad’s own struggle to overtly and covertly balance the strong female presences in his work. In the beginning of the novel, Marlow is disoriented by his aunt, who manages to throw his opinions of gender and power into question. Thereby, Marlow becomes uneasy about his own powerlessness and the fact that women might have an existence aside from his problematic interpretations. In order to adhere to his viewpoints, however, Marlow refuses to admit the nuances he himself allows the reader to observe (i.e. the unmistakable power of his aunt, the knitters, the African mistress, and the Intended beyond his own), and his omission reveals a fear which in turn imparts an independent and potent sphere to those women. It is with this sphere–and the mystery within–that Conrad is able to reveal female power beyond a literal portrayal. That power is deeply psychological and subconscious, and closely intertwi ned amongst the women–the aunt ushering, the knitters guiding, the African mistress embracing, and the Intended cleansing–to conform the male characters to the female will. Works Cited Joseph Conrad. Heart of Darkness. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1990.

Program evaluations and evidence-based process Assignment

Program evaluations and evidence-based process - Assignment Example Secondly, the audiences for evaluating such as bankers, customers, management, board, staff or clients and lastly but not the least, the kind of information required in order to decide on the need of enlightening the intended audiences. For example, the information about program’s activities, inputs and outputs, the clients or customers who experience the program, weaknesses or strengths of the program, the outcomes towards the clients or customers and why and how the program failed (Langbein, 2012). Other questions require the sources where to collect the information either from customers, clients or program documentation. Secondly, the fashion on which the information is supposed to be collected, for example through interviewing, conducting questionnaires, observing customers or examining documentation. Thirdly, the time the information is needed and lastly the resources available for the collection of the information (Mertens & Wilson, 2012). Meanwhile, the evidence-based process is systematically and consistently selected, identified and evaluated. It involves the seven steps as analyzed. Step one is the identification of the evidence Systematic Literature Surveillance is conducted using many review services of journals, journals, guideline’s collections and systematic review collections. DynaMed Content Sources is an example of a comprehensive list of sources. Step two involves selection of the best available evidence (Rubin, 2013). All articles are evaluated for clinical relevance, and the relevant articles are further evaluated for validity in relation to the existing DynaMed content. A summary of the most valid articles is made, integrated with the DynaMed content and the outline structure and overview statements are updated basing on the overall evidence synthesis. Selection of an article is done completed by the editors with clinical training and expertise in scientific analysis (Rousseau, 2012). Step three